Archaeosine is a modified nucleoside found only in the tRNAs from archaea, the so-called third domain of life, and contributes to the maintenance of the L-shaped tRNA three-dimensional structure. The ...

Archaeosine is synthesized via three steps in tRNA. ArcS, the second-step enzyme, transfers a lysine to preQ 0, which is introduced into tRNA by ArcTGT, the first-step enzyme. The resultant preQ 0-Lys ...

Pathogen recognition is based on the presence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to coordinate the immune cascade. These receptors are encoded ...

In an impressively thorough study, phosphorylation in the core of a transfer RNA molecule has been described for the first time, and the enzymes that add and remove the phosphate group have been ...

RNA molecules can be modified by enzymes through the addition or removal of chemical groups, but the roles of these modifications in the regulation of both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs are not fully ...

High-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is widely used to profile global cellular gene expression and gain insights into cellular biological processes; however, effectively tracking dynamic changes ...

The genetic information on DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and translated to the amino acid sequence by transfer RNA (tRNA) on the ribosome. Modified nucleosides within RNA are involved ...